- Cohort
- The group of companies moving through a program together. Cohort size sets the economics on both sides — more companies means more shots on goal for the program and less partner attention per founder.
- Batch
- One time-boxed run of a cohort-based program, usually 3-6 months with a fixed start and a demo day at the end. 'Batch' and 'cohort' are used interchangeably, though batch emphasizes the calendar and cohort emphasizes the group.
- Demo day
- The closing event where a batch pitches investors. Its real function is manufacturing a compressed fundraising window — many companies at once, all raising in the same two weeks, which creates urgency no solo raise can.
- Pitch day
- A competitive pitch event that is not attached to a program cohort — SXSW Pitch is the best-known example. Selection, judging and prizes replace curriculum; the payoff is exposure and investor contact, not equity investment.
- Standard deal
- A program's published, non-negotiable investment terms, offered identically to every company in the batch. Y Combinator's is the reference point: $500,000 total, structured as $125,000 on a post-money SAFE for 7% plus $375,000 on an uncapped SAFE with an MFN provision, and no fees charged to companies.
- SAFE
- Simple Agreement for Future Equity — the standard instrument for accelerator investment. It converts to stock at a future priced round rather than being equity or debt today, which is why programs can invest without setting a valuation.
- Post-money SAFE
- A SAFE whose cap is set on the post-money valuation, so the investor's percentage is fixed and known at signing and later SAFEs dilute the founders rather than the earlier SAFE holder. The dominant form since 2018 and the reason stacked SAFEs now produce predictable, and sometimes brutal, founder dilution.
- MFN (Most Favored Nation)
- A provision letting an uncapped SAFE holder adopt the terms of any better SAFE the company issues before a priced round. It lets a program invest without pricing the company — the second tranche of YC's $375,000 works this way.
- Pro rata rights
- The right to invest again in later rounds to maintain ownership percentage. For a program this is where most of the eventual return lives — the initial batch check is small; the follow-on right on the winners is the asset.
- Dilution from program equity
- The permanent ownership cost of a program seat. A 6-8% bite before a priced round compounds through every later round; the honest test is whether the program's introductions and follow-on rate raise the company's outcome by more than that percentage.
- Equity-free grant
- Cash given with no ownership taken — typical of nonprofit, university, corporate-sponsored and economic-development programs. DivInc, for example, reports distributing $300K in equity-free grants to its portfolio.
- Non-dilutive funding
- Any capital that does not take equity: grants, prizes, SBIR/STTR awards, revenue-based financing, customer prepayments. For hard tech and life science it often exceeds the equity raised in a company's first three years.
- SBIR/STTR Phase I and Phase II
- Federal small-business R&D awards. Phase I funds feasibility at roughly six figures over 6-12 months; Phase II funds development at roughly seven figures over about two years. STTR requires a formal research-institution partner; SBIR does not.
- I-Corps
- The NSF's customer-discovery training program, built on running structured customer interviews to test commercial hypotheses before building. Regional I-Corps hubs are run through universities — ATI hosts Southwest I-Corps — and completion is a de facto prerequisite for many federal follow-on awards.
- EIR (Entrepreneur in Residence)
- An experienced operator embedded in a program or fund, either advising cohort companies or incubating a company to found themselves. In venture studios the EIR track is the primary founder-sourcing pipeline.
- Mentor whiplash
- The disorientation of getting contradictory advice from many mentors in a short window — the signature failure mode of mentor-driven accelerators. Well-run programs address it explicitly: mentors advise, founders decide, and one lead mentor holds continuity.
- Office hours
- Scheduled one-to-one sessions between founders and partners or mentors, the core delivery mechanism of most programs. Frequency and who shows up — partners or junior staff — is the most reliable quality signal in a program.
- Curriculum
- The structured content of a program: sessions on pricing, sales, hiring, fundraising, metrics, legal. Curriculum is the commodity layer — it is what a program can be copied on, unlike its network and its selection.
- Milestone-based tranching
- Releasing program capital in stages against agreed milestones rather than as one upfront check. Common in corporate, university and grant-funded programs; rare in classic equity accelerators, where the full check lands at the start.
- Incubator vs accelerator vs venture studio vs foundry
- An incubator houses and supports companies on an open-ended timeline, often with space and often equity-light. An accelerator runs fixed-length cohorts, usually invests, and ends in demo day. A venture studio or foundry originates the idea itself and assembles the team, taking a large founding stake. The words are used loosely in marketing — read the terms, not the label.
- Studio equity split
- The ownership division between a venture studio and the operating founders it recruits. Studios typically hold a large founding position — commonly 30% or more — justified by having supplied the idea, capital, and shared engineering, design and recruiting functions.
- Co-founder matching
- Programs that back individuals before companies exist and pair them into founding teams during the cohort — the Antler and Entrepreneur First model. Selection is on the person, and the program's core product is a curated pool of potential co-founders.
- Sweat equity
- Ownership earned through work rather than cash — the founder's own stake, and how advisors and early team are often compensated. It is the reason vesting schedules exist: unvested sweat equity walking out the door is the most common early cap-table disaster.
- Vesting and cliff
- Founder and employee shares earned over time, standard four years with a one-year cliff, so someone who leaves in month eleven takes nothing. Programs routinely require founders to reset or install vesting as a condition of investment.
- IP assignment
- The formal transfer of relevant inventions and code from individuals into the company. Diligence killer when missed — code written at a prior employer, or research done on university equipment, can leave ownership genuinely unresolved.
- University tech transfer and Bayh-Dole
- The Bayh-Dole framework lets universities retain title to inventions made with federal funding and license them out, which is why campus technology-licensing offices exist and why a research spinout's IP usually belongs to the institution before it belongs to the founders.
- Licensing agreement
- The contract by which a spinout licenses university IP — exclusive or non-exclusive, with upfront fees, royalties, equity, milestone payments and diligence obligations. Terms here shape the company's economics more than any accelerator deal will.
- Sponsored research
- A company funding work in a university lab, typically with negotiated rights to resulting IP. Common for deep-tech startups that need instrumentation or expertise they cannot yet afford in-house, and a frequent bridge between a campus incubator and a real company.
- Wet lab vs dry lab space
- Wet lab handles chemicals and biological material and needs benches, fume hoods, casework, waste handling and specific ventilation and permits; dry lab is computation and electronics on ordinary office infrastructure. Wet lab is expensive, scarce and the binding constraint on life-science incubators.
- Hard tech vs software program economics
- A software batch can be run on a small check, three months and no facilities. Hard tech needs bigger checks, longer runway, prototyping and lab space, so its programs depend on grants, corporate partners, universities or a dedicated fund rather than batch equity alone.
- Cohort selection funnel
- Applications to screens to interviews to offers to accepted. Each stage's conversion rate tells you where a program's constraint is — weak top of funnel means a marketing problem; weak offer acceptance means it is losing candidates to better programs.
- Acceptance rate
- Offers divided by applications. Low single digits at the top programs, and heavily marketed as a quality proxy — but it measures applicant volume as much as selectivity, and a program can lower it simply by advertising harder.
- Graduation rate
- Share of a cohort that completes the program. Near-universal at equity accelerators, where completion is nearly automatic, and genuinely meaningful only at incubators and grant programs that enforce milestones and can remove companies.
- Follow-on funding rate
- The share of graduates that raise an institutional round afterward, and the metric practitioners treat as the real credibility test of a program — it measures whether the market revalued the company, not whether the program filled seats.
- Alumni network
- The community of past participants — the compounding asset that distinguishes a decade-old program from a new one. Its practical value is measured in warm intros, hiring, customer referrals and later-round investor access, not in headcount.
- Corporate innovation partner
- A large company sponsoring or co-running a program to get early access to startups, pilots and acquisition targets. For participants the prize is a procurement pilot inside the sponsor; for the program it is the sponsorship revenue that funds operations.
- Sponsorship revenue model
- Funding a program from corporate, government and service-provider sponsors rather than from equity returns. It makes a program cash-flow viable immediately and structurally cyclical — sponsorship is a marketing budget line and it gets cut first.
- Membership revenue
- Recurring fees for access to a program's community, space, events, mentors and investor network without a cohort commitment. Capital Factory's All Access program — roughly 100 companies a year — is the model, and it decouples ecosystem revenue from batch cadence.
- Real-estate-subsidized model
- An incubator funded by the building it occupies — below-market space from a university, city, developer or corporation, with the program layered on top. Durable, because it survives on rent rather than exits, but it drifts toward being a landlord with programming.
- Economic development grant funding
- City, county, state and federal money for programs that create local jobs and companies. It pays for equity-free programming, but it comes with reporting obligations, geographic restrictions and political timelines that do not match startup timelines.
- MSA / regional cluster strategy
- Building a program around a metropolitan statistical area's actual industrial strengths — Houston's medical center, Austin's semiconductor and software base — instead of copying a generalist Silicon Valley batch into a market with no matching deal flow.
- Deal flow
- The stream of companies a program sees. It is the true scarce input — capital, curriculum and mentors are all purchasable, while a differentiated flow of applicants no other program sees is the only lasting advantage.
- Warm intro
- An introduction from someone the recipient trusts. Most of what founders are actually buying with program equity is the conversion of cold outreach into warm intros — to investors, to enterprise buyers, and to senior hires.
- Pipeline conversion
- Movement rates between stages — applicant to accepted, graduate to funded, intro to meeting to term sheet. Programs that instrument this can tell which mentors, sponsors and channels actually produce outcomes instead of activity.
- Tuition and tuition offset
- Some programs charge founders directly, or net a fee out of the investment. Alchemist, for example, reports an average net investment to companies of about $30,000 after tuition offset. Any program charging tuition should be judged as a paid service, not as an investor.